Bi-functional Magnetic Microcarriers for Point-of-Care Diagnostics J.J. Palfreyman, D.M. Love, A.J. Philpott, K. Vyas, T. Mitrelias, C.H.W. BarnesA novel type of microcarrier is presented, where a re-writable magnetic barcode is used to carry information. This technology has several advantages over the optical-based alternatives, whilst benefiting from the high-throughput of a microfluidic tool. Here, we present two different surface chemistries used to attach a probe and a control strand of DNA to an individual microcarrier. This is demonstrated with red and green fluorophores, clearly seen on either side. |  | |
Chemically Modified Primers for Improved Multiplex PCR Elena Hidalgo Ashrafi, Tony Le, Alexandre Lebedev, Richard Hogrefe, Victor Timoshchuk, Sabrina Shore, Inna Koukhareva and Natasha PaulMultiplex PCR is an advantageous technique used in PCR applications to amplify multiple targets in a single reaction. As useful as it is, this technique presents a new set of challenges that further complicates PCR setup. For example, reactions are more prone to off-target amplifications such as mis-priming and primer dimer due to the increased number of primer pairs. |  | |
Proteomic non-small cell lung carcinoma biomarker screening in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Tonio Oumeraci 1, Bernd Schmidt 3, Thomas Wolf 1,4, Marc Zapatka 4, Andreas Pich 2, Benedikt Brors 4, Roland Eils 4,5, Brigitte Schlegelberger 1, Nils von Neuhoff 1Using a standardized method to acquire MALDI-TOF proteome profile spectra of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we have shown the upregulation of histatin 3 and calgranulin C in a small pilot cohort of NSCLC patients. This pilot study serves to demonstrate that it is feasible to screen a larger NSCLC patient cohort for BALF proteome level biomarkers in a clinical setting. |  | |
Chemically Modified Primers for Improved Multiplexed PCR Elena Hidalgo Ashrafi, Tony Le, Alexandre Lebedev, Richard Hogrefe, Victor Timoshchuk, Sabrina Shore, Inna Koukhareva and Natasha PaulMultiplex PCR is an advantageous technique used in PCR applications to amplify multiple targets in a single reaction. As useful as it is, this technique presents a new set of challenges that further complicates PCR setup. For example, reactions are more prone to off-target amplifications such as mis-priming and primer dimer due to the increased number of primer pairs. Furthermore, preferential amplification of certain targets leads to an unequal distribution of amplicon products, making quantifi |  | |
Hot Start dNTPs - A Novel Tool for Controlled Nucleotide Incorporation in PCR Tony Le, Elena Hidalgo Ashrafi, Sabrina Shore, Victor Timoshchuk, Natasha Paul, Richard Hogrefe, Inna Koukhareva, Alexandre LebedevPCR is a widely used scientific tool employed by a variety of applications. Various Hot Start technologies have already been developed using modified PCR components to increase specificity of a reaction. Recently developed CleanAmpTM dNTPs are modified nucleoside triphosphates with a thermolabile 3’-tetrahydrofuranyl protecting group that is released at higher temperatures. These modified dNTPs prevent low temperature primer extension, which can often be a significant problem in PCR. At higher t |  | |
Evaluation of microfluidic digital PCR for the detection of cancer biomarkers Rebecca Sanders, Claire Bushell, Carole Foy, Daniel J. ScottdPCR is achieved by sample partitioning prior to PCR amplification such that each reaction chamber contains one copy or less of target DNA. This dilution becomes the limiting factor and an accurate target molecule count is achievable. This study evaluates dPCR’s quantitative capabilities and investigates parameters influencing copy number quantification, using the Fluidigm Biomark instrument. Biomark technology combines dPCR theory with a microfluidics platform. |  | |
Software for Genomic/Epigenomic Research A.S.Tanas, V.V.Shkarupo, E.B.Kuznetsova, D.V.Zaletayev, V.V. StrelnikovWe present two computer programs: 1) AIMS in silico - a suggestion tool for Amplification of Intermethylated Sites experimental design and results analysis; and 2) PeakPick – a tool to view & analyse capillary electrophoregrams Our computer software is intended to standardize AIMS applications and to turn it into one of the principal approaches towards cancer methylomes studies as well as towards diagnostics in oncology, including early screening. |  | |
HIV POC testing by ssDNA coupled with NALF Natasha Gous, Lesley E. Scott, Alexio Capovilla, Natela Rekhviasvili, Wendy StevensA isothermal amplification termed Reverse Transcription Loop Dependant Amplification (RT-LDA) was developed with an affordable nucleic acid lateral flow detection (NALF) system, as one component of a potential POC HIV-1 RNA assay for subtypeC. RT-LDA makes use of a primer design that efficiently converts viral RNA into ssDNA amplicons, in 1 hour at 53ºC. Due to the single stranded nature of the product, the amplicon could be detected using NALF. |  | |
Treatment of Plaque Infections and Periodontitis using Stem Cells- A New Prospect Manoj Hariharan , Naveen RajDental precursor cells are attractive for novel approaches to treat diseases like periodontitis, dental caries or to improve dental pulp healing and the regeneration of craniofacial bone and teeth. These cells are easily accessible and, in contrast to bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are more closely related to dental tissues. This paper gives a short overview of stem cells of dental origin. |  | |
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NIH Researchers Conduct First Genomic Survey of Human Skin Fungal DiversityLocation on the body surface determines fungal composition with the greatest diversity on feet. App Helps Doctors, Students Learn to Diagnose Neurological Symptoms and DiseaseThe new app that presents a novel approach to learning the neurological physical exam, a challenging series of assessments aimed at diagnosing neurological disorders in patients. Flu in Pregnancy May Quadruple Child’s Risk for Bipolar DisorderNIH-funded study adds to evidence of overlap with Schizophrenia. A Cautionary Tale on Genome-Sequencing Diagnostics for Rare DiseasesStudies in several children have raising new questions about inheritance, genomic sequencing, and diagnostic. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics in Molecular Diagnostics: Discovery of Cancer Biomarkers Using Tissue CultureRapid development of MS-based proteomic techniques in the last decade that has immensely helped researchers in candidate biomarker discovery. Agilent Technologies Announces Winner of Fifth Annual Early Career Professor AwardAssistant Professor at Northwestern Recognized for Cancer Diagnostics Research. Genetic Test Helps Predict Risk of Prostate Cancer RecurrenceProstate cancer ranks as the most common internal malignancy diagnosed in men in the United States, but often does not require extensive treatment. New Lung Cancer Guidelines Recommends Offering Screening to High-Risk IndividualsAdvances in treatment have major impact on short- and long-term outcomes. Genomic Analysis of Endometrial TumorsGenomic classification of endometrial tumors could help guide treatment strategies, according to a new analysis. Diagnostic Errors More Common, Costly and Harmful Than Treatment MistakesIn reviewing 25 years of U.S. malpractice claim payouts, researchers found that diagnostic errors accounted for the largest fraction of claims, the most severe patient harm, and the highest total of penalty payouts.
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