Microextraction techniques combined with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for determination of different metal ions in water
Direct XRF analysis of liquids does not allow the determination of trace and ultratrace elements. Therefore, an appropriate preconcentration procedure is necessary before the measurement.
This work deals with the development of the analytical procedures enabling preconcentration and determination of a number of trace elements in water samples using XRF techniques. The proposed procedures combine:
• Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) for simultaneous determination of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se and Pb ions
• Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) for the determination of Cd and Pb ions (sorbent: multi-walled carbon nanotubes)
• DMSPE and EDXRF for determination of Co, Cu, Ni and Pb ions and Se speciation (sorbent: graphene)
Simultaneous determination of enriched elements, low detection limits, simplicity, rapidity and low costs, make the proposed procedures promising tool in detection and identification of natural pollutants in waters. Microextraction procedures extend the scope of X-ray fluorescence usage to liquid samples analysis and enable to decrease obtained detection limits over 1000 times.
This work deals with the development of the analytical procedures enabling preconcentration and determination of a number of trace elements in water samples using XRF techniques. The proposed procedures combine:
• Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) for simultaneous determination of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se and Pb ions
• Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) for the determination of Cd and Pb ions (sorbent: multi-walled carbon nanotubes)
• DMSPE and EDXRF for determination of Co, Cu, Ni and Pb ions and Se speciation (sorbent: graphene)
Simultaneous determination of enriched elements, low detection limits, simplicity, rapidity and low costs, make the proposed procedures promising tool in detection and identification of natural pollutants in waters. Microextraction procedures extend the scope of X-ray fluorescence usage to liquid samples analysis and enable to decrease obtained detection limits over 1000 times.
