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Experimental approaches using short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to specifically silence gene expression have become more widely used in recent years. As for all techniques in molecular and cellular biology, the importance of protocol optimization and the use of appropriate controls cannot be overestimated.

Brief descriptions and schematic diagrams of custom built Tian-Calvet type calorimeters and techniques of high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry are presented together with specifications of commercial calorimeters and thermal analysis equipment being used in the Facility. Also presented are research examples include study of thermochemistry of iron oxides and TiO2 polymorphs using high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and in-situ study of zeolite growth using Setaram C80

The goal of this work was to synthesize praseodymium dioxide and obtain its drop solution enthalpy to use for calculation of formation enthalpies of Pr4+ compounds from calorimetry.

As the dimensions decrease, surface properties become an overriding feature controlling reactivity and phase transformations in nanophases. The control of properties of solid surfaces is of paramount importance in a number of fields ranging from heterogeneous catalysis and fuel cells to microchip fabrication and corrosion-resistive coatings. Gas adsorption microcalorimetry is an unsurpassed method for providing information on surface energetics and reactivity.

Gelatin could be used as a carrier to prepare nanoparticles with considerable entrapment of Vincristine sulfate. The prepair nanoparticles could release over a period of time. The in vitro release studies have been encouraging and a possible reduction of toxicities of Vincristine sulfate would be expected on further in vivo studies.

The BioRobot Universal System enables standardized sample preparation and reaction setup using optimized, ready-to-run protocols. Fully tested protocols provide purification of RNA from blood, cells, and tissue and purification of genomic DNA from blood and buccal swabs, as well as RT-PCR and PCR setup.

The effect of alternating the parameters of the heating program on the signal of StepScan DSC was studied. In this study samples were amorphous spray-dried lactose. The heating program includes two different states. In the first state, the heating state, heat is applied to the sample with small temperature increments by some known heating rate. The second state, the isothermal state, includes a short isothermal time interval in which the sample reaches a thermal equilibrium.

The development of multiplexing capabilities and high content readouts reporting individual cellular measurements enables assessment of biological variability on a single cell basis. A multiplexed high content screening (HCS) assay allows additional information to be gained from a single assay.

Multicolor quantum dot probes emitting from 525 to 705 nm can be effectively excited with a single 488 nm laser, resulting in signals equal to the best organic dyes, but that are cleanly discriminated with simple color filters. Using a plate based 4-color laser scanning system with a single 488 or 405 nm laser for excitation, we have detected the binding of quantum dot conjugates to CD45 on human monocytes.

With StepScan DSC, heating (10ºC/min or 5ºC/min) is applied over small temperature increments (1ºC - 2ºC) after which the temperature is held for a short time interval (30 s - 60 s) allowing the heat flow to equilibrate.