The University of Leipzig adds JPK's CellHesion 200 Capability to Enhance Cell-Cell Force Measurements
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The research of the Institute of Experimental Physics I is focused on soft condensed matter as bulk material, in interaction with surfaces and interfaces, and with single molecules. The systems under study cover a wealth like small tracer molecules, liquid crystals, polymers, polymer-networks, proteins, and even living biological cells. It is objective of the research of the Institute of Experimental Physics I to explore the physical basis of structure-property relationships in these systems.
Professor Josef A. Käs moved his group to Leipzig in 2001 from the University of Texas at Austin. At this time, he became one of the first users of the JPK NanoWizard® series of atomic force microscopes to start a close series of interactions between his group and JPK. Most recently, Professor Käs added the JPK CellHesion 200 system to provide the ability to study the interplay between compartmentalization of cell and tumor spreading.
Compartmentalization is the formation of cellular compartments (e.g. tissues and organs). It generates well-defined boundaries for various differentiated cell types. Cells of the same type adhere better to each other, whereas mixtures of different migrating cell types segregate. According to the differential adhesion hypothesis (Malcom S. Steinberg, 1960s), cell sorting and formation of cellular compartments result from different adhesiveness of participating cells. The group tries to apply and verify the concept of compartmentalization and differential adhesion hypothesis to tumor development and spreading. It is known that young tumor cells are confined to their compartment of origin. With rising malignancy up to metastasis, tumor cells become able to overcome compartment boundaries. The goal is to clarify whether tumor stages can be characterized by cellular adhesiveness. This is why they are measuring healthy and cancerous cells of different malignancy with the JPK CellHesion 200.
Another project applying CellHesion 200 is one studying biocompatibility. Magnetic shape memory alloys are a class of smart materials which have a high potential for actuators in biomedical applications. These are tested for their biocompatibility by coating those materials with different cell adhesion proteins and using the CellHesion 200 for cell-substrate adhesion measurements.
JPK's CellHesion 200 system is a dedicated stand-alone platform for cell adhesion and cytomechanics studies to be used with inverted optical or confocal microscopes. It enables the quantification of single cell-cell and cell-surface interactions under physiological conditions. This ground-breaking technique, known as single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), measures the interaction forces between a living cell bound to a cantilever and a target cell, functionalized substrate or biomaterial. In parallel, cytomechanical characteristics including stiffness and elasticity can be determined. Data can be measured for a number of important parameters involved in cellular adhesion, including maximum cell adhesion force, single unbinding events, tether characteristics, and work of removal.
Choosing to work with JPK has proved very beneficial for the Käs group. Speaking on behalf of the group, post graduate student Steve Pawlizak says "In our opinion, JPK offers the best SFM solution for biological or biophysical application available on the market. In a convenient way, it enables simultaneous use of SFM and a variety of light microscopy techniques such as bright field, phase contrast, epi-fluorescence as well as laser scanning microscopy on inverted research microscopes. This is absolutely necessary for our applications in cellular biophysics."
