Next-Generation mRNA Vaccine Targets Rapidly Evolving Viruses
New mRNA vaccine is more effective and less costly to develop, study finds.
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A new type of mRNA vaccine is more scalable and adaptable to continuously evolving viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and H5N1, according to a study by researchers at University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health and the Pennsylvania State University. The study was published today in NPJ Vaccines.
Though highly effective at inducing an immune response, current mRNA vaccines, such as those used to prevent COVID-19, present two significant challenges: the high amount of mRNA needed to produce them and the constantly evolving nature of the pathogen.
“The virus changes, moving the goal post, and updating the vaccine takes some time,” said senior author Suresh Kuchipudi, Ph.D., chair of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology at Pitt Public Health.
Additionally, the researchers analyzed the spike-protein sequences of all known variants of the SARS-CoV-2 for commonalities, rendering what’s known as a “consensus spike protein” as the basis for the vaccine’s antigen.
In mice, the vaccine induced a robust immune response against many strains of SARS-CoV-2.
“This has the potential for more lasting immunity that would not require updating, because the vaccine has the potential to provide broad protection,” said Kuchipudi. “Additionally, this format requires an mRNA dose 40 times less than conventional vaccines, so this new approach significantly reduces the overall cost of the vaccine.”
The lessons learned from this study could inform more efficient vaccine development for other constantly evolving RNA viruses with pandemic potential, Kuchipudi said. “We hope to apply the principles of this lower-cost, broad-protection antigen design to pressing challenges like bird flu.”
Reference: Gontu A, Misra S, Chothe SK, et al. Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants. npj Vaccines. 2025;10(1):110. doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01166-1
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