How to Build Synthetic DNA and Send It Across the Internet

When a cell divides to make new cells, the chromosomes normally stay the same. But sometimes mistakes happen. With Philadelphia positive leukemia, a gene called the ABL1 gene on chromosome 9 breaks off and sticks to a gene called the BCR gene on chromosome 22. It produces a new gene called BCR-ABL1 which causes the cell to make too much of a protein called tyrosine kinase. This protein encourages leukemia cells to grow and multiply.

The novel coronavirus sweeping the globe packs 27 proteins, each adopting a unique, often incredibly complex 3D structure. Each protein is part of the molecular toolkit that the virus uses to infect, replicate, and spread. Understanding the proteins' structures provides a blueprint for drug designs.

This video describes how whole genome sequencing is used to track pathogens as they spread from person to person on the path to a foodborne or infectious disease outbreak.