Next-Generation Bioconjugation Chemistry Delivers Better Sensitivity at Lower Cost

1 AnteoBind™ NXT, the latest product in the AnteoBind™ product range, is a molecule-to-molecule cross-linker designed to facilitate strong and specific attachment of biomolecules to synthetic surfaces. Biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids are the fundamental building blocks of living organisms and preform essential biological functions. The process of attaching these biomolecules to a surface, such as a magnetic particle, is known as bioconjugation. Bioconjugation represents a foundational step in the development of a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIAs). In modern pathology (clinical laboratory medicine), the majority of high-throughput automated immunoassay testing is conducted on CLIA platforms, with billions of diagnostic tests performed globally every year. Unlike dominant bioconjugation chemistries used in In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) immunoassay development, such as EDC/sNHS or Tosyl activation, AnteoBind™ NXT facilitates noncovalent bioconjugation of biomolecules by activating synthetic surfaces creating a better performing, lower total cost of usage, faster turnaround and more user-friendly alternative to traditional covalent chemistries. In this paper, we present the performance benefits achieved using AnteoBind™ NXT- activated magnetic particles in CLIA, compared with widely used Tosylactivated magnetic particles. Executive Summary AnteoBind™ NXT VS Tosyl-Activated Magnetic Particles Enhancing CLIA Performance A Comparative Study Further information regarding nano- and microparticle-based assay applications and bioseparation using AnteoBind™ NXT is available at: https://anteotech.com/life-sciences/products/. Faster Turnaround, Simpler Workflow and Improved User Experience Unlike Tosyl activation, which may require controlled temperature environments and harsher processing conditions, AnteoBind™ NXT activation can be performed at room temperature. This simplified workflow enhances laboratory usability and contributes to reduced operational cost and faster assay development cycles. Improved Performance AnteoBind™ NXT demonstrated improved CLIA specific signal-to-blank sensitivity of up to 1.8 times (x), for IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, measured using Relative Luminescence Units (RLU), when compared with Tosylactivated magnetic particles. The key benefits observed when using AnteoBind™ NXT- activated magnetic particles in CLIA, for the antibodies tested, can be summarised as follows: Lower Total Cost of Use a) Reduced Antibody Requirements AnteoBind™ NXT required between 1.5 to 6.0 x for lower IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ antibody quantities to produce magnetic particles that delivered equivalent or improved CLIA performance compared with Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. b) Reduced Bioconjugation Times and Associated Costs AnteoBind™ NXT activation and bioconjugation processes are up to 10x faster than those using Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. Faster bioconjugation leads to significant reductions in labour costs which is appealing to researchers, product developers and other end users by reducing assay turnaround time. c) Reduced Testing Costs AnteoBind™ NXT activation and bioconjugation reduces overall test costs through lower antibody and reagent consumption, supporting more cost-efficient and sustainable assay development. 2 Introduction Bioconjugation is the process of combining two or more molecules, where at least one component is a biomolecule (e.g. antibodies, nucleic acid, carbohydrate or polymer). A wide range of entities may be conjugated to biomolecules, including other biological molecules (e.g. peptides), small or large synthetic molecules (e.g., drugs or polymers), particulates or surfaces (e.g. nanoparticles or patterned surfaces). Such bioconjugates retain the favourable characteristics or properties of their individual components but also acquire enhanced capabilities through their combination.1 Historically, both covalent and noncovalent coupling chemistries have been used to synthesise bioconjugates, supporting a broad range of biotechnology and translational medicine applications including diagnostics, biosensors, detection probes, affinity chromatography, and immunoassays such as chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA). Figure 1. Schematic representation of AnteoBind™ surface “activation” illustrating the facilitation of bioconjugation between synthetic surfaces (represented by carboxylic acid groups) and biomolecules (e.g. antibodies/proteins) via coordination bonds. Amino acid COOH Layer (-ve surface charge) AnteoBind™ layer (+ve surface charge) Antibody/Protein AnteoBind™ Polymeric metal ion complex Dative Bond Metal ion Microsphere/Surface Bare COOH layer (-ve surface charge) Illustration of the carboxylic groups HOW ANTEOBIND™ WORKS 1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/monograph/9780123822390/bioconjugate-techniques?via=ihub%3D 2 https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/213437/file-2210845694-pdf/docs/SEPMAG-Magnetic-Particles-Coatings-Today-and-Tomorrow.pdf CLIA is widely regarded as one of the most sensitive conventional methods used in immunological diagnostics and is extensively implemented in automated pathology analysers worldwide. CLIA platforms offer: High analytical sensitivity Low background noise Broad linearity (CLIA is known for its ability to produce a directly proportional signal over a wide range of analyte concentrations) Rapid turnaround times Elimination of radioactive reagents and associated handling and disposal requirements User friendliness Magnetic particles, one of the most widely used solid phases in CLIA, serve as a critical solid substrate in automated analysers, enabling seamless diagnostic automation. Beyond this, they bring a host of advantages that enhance modern assay performance: High surface area for efficient reactions Low toxicity Strong compatibility with biological materials Efficient magnetic separation from complex sample matrices Cost-effective synthesis and scalability2 These magnetic particles conjugate specific antibodies. Traditional bioconjugation chemistries used for this 3 purpose include EDC/sNHS, Tosyl and epoxy-based activation methods. Tosyl-activated magnetic particles are typically grafted with Tosyl (p-toluenesulfonyl) groups that are used to create covalent bonds with biomolecules, such as antibodies, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins, which all possess primary amino (-NH₂) or sulfhydryl (-SH) groups. Tosyl-activated magnetic particles do not require activation and can be used as supplied from the manufacturer or supplier to conjugate biomolecules in a straightforward manner by incubating in the correct buffer at the optimal pH and temperature. Incubation duration depends on the temperature used, with most incubations performed overnight at 370C, incubations at lower temperatures may require up to 48 hrs.3 Bioconjugation of antibodies to Tosyl-activated magnetic particles occurs via nucleophilic substitution and results in largely random antibody orientation. Consequently, a proportion of the antibodies may not be bound to the solid phase with an orientation that allows them to bind their corresponding antigen. Figure 2. illustrates the fundamental CLIA workflow. AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles preferentially bind to the cysteine rich Fc portion of antibodies (as shown in Figure 3), leaving the antigen-binding Fab arms free to bind their antigen. As a result, fewer antibodies (up to six times less as in the case of IL-6 shown below) may be required on the particles surface to get the same number of antibody/antigen binding interactions, for a test with the same sensitivity. Alternatively, within steric constraints, it is possible to create a test with a higher sensitivity. 3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580817302480#:~:text=Currently%2C%20chemiluminescence%20immunoassay%20(CLIA),time%20 and%20easy%20to%20automate Figure 2. CLIA Analysis Steps CAPTURE Magnetic Particles Target Antigen bind to Capture Antibody on Magnetic Particles 1 Detection Antibody with Chemiluminescent Label binds to Antigen Labeled Detection Antibody Chemiluminescent Label 2 DETECTION Add Substrate Substrate reacts, emitting Light Signal 3 SIGNAL CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMOUNOASSAY (CLIA) Measuring Light Signal Figure 3. Illustration of antibody structure highlighting how AnteoBind™ NXT coated surfaces allow for improved orientation of antibodies. Source: Company data, January 2026 © AnteoTech Ltd. 4 4 https://documents.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/LSG/manuals/dynaparticles_m280tosylactivated_man.pdf 5 https://anteotech.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/IFU-12-V3.1-NXT_IFU-Nano-Microparticles-FINAL.pdf In this study, AnteoTech compared the performance of AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles with Tosylactivated magnetic particles. All magnetic particles were sourced from commercial suppliers and were of comparable size and surface characteristics. Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were selected as representative antibodies for CLIA evaluation. The antibodies for these analytes were bioconjugated to magnetic particles using either the ThermoFisher Scientific protocol4 for Tosyl-activated particles or the AnteoBind™ NXT Instructions for Use (IFU).5 Any modifications to the protocol that were made for a specific analyte are set out in the specific section for that analyte in this report. Magnetic particles were conjugated with each antibody across a series of increasing loading concentrations to evaluate the impact of antibody density on assay performance, including sensitivity and specificity determined by signal and background intensity. Following bioconjugation, particles were washed and resuspended under standardised buffered conditions to ensure overall comparability between conjugation chemistries. CLIA performance was evaluated using standard analytical industry metrics, including Relative Luminescence Units (RLU) and signal-to-blank (S/B) ratios, along with consistency across replicates, with tests repeated for reproducibility. The resulting data, confirmed after multiple repeats of each experiment, enabled identification of optimal antibody loading ranges for each conjugation chemistry. These optimised conditions were subsequently evaluated side-by-side on the same assay plate to eliminate interplate variability and allow direct comparison of functional performance achieved with AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles versus Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. Method IL-6 antigen concentration Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 2.5 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 2.5 μg/mg Average RLU CV%* Average RLU CV%* Average RLU CV%* 500 pg/mL 6591856 13% 1390085 3% 6566032 2% 125 pg/mL 1683670 5% 325379 4% 1599822 6% 31.25 pg/mL 380105 1% 76058 7% 348583 7% 0 pg/mL 20113 28% 6862 4% 4641 39% Table 1. Average RLU signals obtained for IL-6 CLIA from 15 μg/mg down to 2.5 μg/mg. *CV% (Coefficient of Variation Percentage) is a statistical measure that describes the variability of a dataset relative to its mean. It demonstrates how consistent assay results are, with lower values indicating more reliable and reproducible measurements. High CV% can occur in blank samples as blank samples are inherently variable and the RLU signals are comparatively lower than specific signals. Results IL-6 Table 1 summarises the average Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) signals and associated replicate variability (CV%) for Tosyl-activated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated particles, highlighting differences in assay sensitivity. Figure 4. further compares the two activation methods by presenting signal-to-blank (S/B) ratios, emphasising relative assay specificity under each condition. For the IL-6 CLIA, magnetic particles activated with AnteoBind™ NXT and conjugated at an antibody concentration of 2.5 μg/mg generated significantly higher raw signal and lower background (non-specific signal) compared with Tosyl-activated magnetic particles conjugated at the same antibody concentration. Notably, the signal generated using AnteoBind™ NXT at 15 μg/mg was comparable to that of the Tosyl-activated magnetic particles, indicating that AnteoBind™ NXT requires as much as six times (6x) less antibodies to achieve the same results. Higher RLU values produce a stronger detectable signal, while improving S/B ratios ensures that true positive results are clearly distinguishable from background noise. 5 Figure 4. IL-6 CLIA – S/B ratios of the respective activation methods against the two antibody loadings. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Signal:Blank Ratio Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 2.5 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 2.5 μg/mg Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg IL-6 Antigen (pg/mL) Detection of IL-6 Antibody with CLIA TNF-α Table 2 presents the average Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) signals and replicate variability (CV%) for Tosylactivated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated TNF-α magnetic particles, highlighting differences in assay sensitivity. Figure 5. further compares the two activation methods by presenting signal-to-blank (S/B) ratios, illustrating the specificity of the two particle types. AnteoBind™ NXT- activated conjugates with 10 μg/mg TNF-α antibody exhibited improved S/B ratios (1.8 times) relative to Tosyl-activated magnetic particles, supporting enhanced assay specificity and discrimination. Table 2. Average RLU signals obtained for TNF-α CLIA at 15 μg/mg down to 10 μg/mg. TNF-α antigen concentration Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 2000 pg/mL 10136516 4% 10689816 3% 9037845 7% 500 pg/mL 2952866 8% 3159600 2% 2705421 3% 125 pg/mL 685331 24% 802173 2% 622452 2% 0 pg/mL 29085 5% 18053 4% 8150 20% TNF-α Antigen (pg/mL) Figure 5. TNF-α CLIA – S/B ratios of the respective activation methods against the two antibody loadings. Detection of TNF-α Antibody with CLIA 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2000 0 Signal:Blank Ratio 500 125 500 125 31.25 0 6 IFN-γ Table 3 presents the average Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) signals and replicate variability for Tosylactivated and AnteoBind™ NXT IFN-γ magnetic particles, highlighting differences in assay sensitivity. Figure 6. presents the corresponding signal-to-blank (S/B) ratios, illustrating relative assay specificity across activation methods. AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles conjugated with 10 μg/mg of IFN-γ yielded significantly higher RLU (up to 3 times more) values and double the S/B ratios across all antigen concentrations compared to the Tosylactivated magnetic particles (excluding the blank). Detection of IFN-y Antibody with CLIA Table 3. Average signals obtained for IFN-γ CLIA at 20 μg/mg, down to 10 μg/mg. IFN-γ antigen concentration Tosyl 20 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 500 pg/mL 231071 2% 228267 3% 706945 12% 125 pg/mL 44180 3% 47043 4% 164441 12% 31.25 pg/mL 1273 10% 1503 24% 4874 13% 0 pg/mL 373 14% 379.7 17% 553 29% Figure 6. IFN-γ CLIA – S/B ratios of the respective activation methods against the two antibody loadings. IFN-y Antigen (pg/mL) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Signal:Blank Ratio Tosyl 20 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg GM-CSF The average Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) signals and replicate variability (CV%) for Tosyl-activated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated IFN-γ magnetic particles are summarised in Tables 4 and 5, highlighting differences in assay sensitivity. Figure 7. compares the two activation methods by presenting S/B ratios, illustrating relative specificity. AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles conjugated with 15, 10 and 5 μg/mg GM-CSF yielded significantly lower RLU values compared with Tosyl-activated magnetic particles conjugated at 10 μg/mg and 20 μg/mg under the tested conditions. However, across all three antibody concentrations evaluated, AnteoBind™ NXT-activated particles demonstrated improved specificity, as reflected by higher S/B ratios relative to Tosyl-activated magnetic particles due to the greater difference in blank readings (as much as three to eight times lower for the AnteoBind™ NXTactivated magnetic particles). 500 125 31.25 7 Table 4. Average signals obtained for GM-CSF CLIA at 15, 10 and 5 μg/mg for Tosyl-activated particles. GM-CSF antigen concentration Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg Tosyl 5 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 500 pg/mL 6692252 4% 5429604 4% 3167751 3% 125 pg/mL 2075313 15% 1618933 15% 848385 1% 31.25 pg/mL 505392 7% 394266 7% 202206 4% 0 pg/mL 7216 3% 11374 3% 6842 4% GM-CSF Antigen Concentration AnteoBind™ NXT 15 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 5 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 500 pg/mL 3258173 2% 2915503 1% 2186873 7% 125 pg/mL 767904 6% 781695 5% 477681 7% 31.25 pg/mL 181006 9% 170034.7 3% 112857 3% 0 pg/mL 1960 21% 1560 11% 1166 13% Table 5. Average signals obtained for GM-CSF CLIA at 15, 10 and 5 μg/mg for AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles. GM-CSF appears to generate lower CLIA signal intensity and background noise on metal-complex surfaces, consistent with previous comparisons between AnteoBind™ NXT- and EDC-based conjugation methods 6. Dynamic Range Evaluation A dynamic range evaluation was conducted to compare the performance of Tosyl-activated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles across relevant analyte concentrations. The study assessed assay detection levels (RLU), signal linearity and signal-to-background (S/B) characteristics associated with each surface chemistry under equivalent assay conditions. 6 AnteoBind Technology White Paper, AnteoTech, 2025 IL-6 Dynamic range testing of Tosyl-activated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated IL-6 magnetic particles revealed differences in assay sensitivity and reproducibility. Table 6 presents the average RLU as trends observed across the IL-6 dynamic range in the CLIA, comparing the performance of the two different activation methods. Magnetic particles activated and conjugated using AnteoBind™ NXT demonstrated improved reproducibility across the tested range. The IL-6 dynamic range study further showed that magnetic particles activated with AnteoBind™ NXT and conjugated at 2.5 μg/mg generated higher raw signal intensity and lower S/B at higher antigen concentrations compared with Tosyl-activated magnetic particles conjugated at 15 μg/mg. Detection of GM-CSF with CLIA Tosyl 15 μg/mg Tosyl 10 μg/mg Tosyl 5 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 15 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 5 μg/mg GM-CSF Antigen (pg/mL) Figure 7. GM-CSF CLIA – S/B ratios of the respective activation methods against the three antibody loadings. 0 200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Signal:Blank Ratio 500 125 31.25 0 8 Table 6. Average signals obtained for IL-6 dynamic range CLIA at 15 μg/mg for Tosyl-activated magnetic particles and 2.5 μg/mg for AnteoBind™ NXT Activated Magnetic particles. IL-6 antigen concentration Tosyl 15 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 2.5 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 10 000 pg/mL 12,719,166 6.6% 15,933,840 2.5% 1000 pg/mL 8,802,592 1.7% 4,391,683 2.8% 100 pg/mL 991,039 2.5% 380,852 6.9% 10 pg/mL 72,948 2.9% 25,178 8.2% 1 pg/mL 6,996 9.6% 2,527 17.0% 0.1 pg/mL 2,770 11.4% 1,049 5.4% 0.01 pg/mL 2,287 6.0% 973 14.2% 0 pg/mL 1,866 4.6% 696 8.9% TNF-α Table 7 reports the average Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) signals and replicate variability (CV%) observed in the dynamic range evaluation of Tosyl-activated and AnteoBind™ NXT-activated TNF-α magnetic particles, highlighting differences in assay sensitivity. Figure 7. presents the corresponding RLU trends across the TNF-α dynamic range in the CLIA, comparing the two activation chemistries. Consistent with the IL-6 results, AnteoBind™ NXT-activated magnetic particles demonstrated improved reproducibility across the tested concentration range, as reflected by lower replicate variability. The TNF-α dynamic range study showed that magnetic particles activated with AnteoBind™ NXT and conjugated at 10 μg/mg antibody generated comparable raw signal intensity to Tosyl-activated magnetic particles conjugated at the same antibody concentration. Under the tested conditions, reduced background signal was observed with AnteoBind™ NXT activation. Figure 8. IL-6 Dynamic Range CLIA – Average RLU trends for the two activation methods Detection of IL-6 Antibody Dynamic Range IL-6 Concentration (pg/mL) Tosyl 15 μg/mg Linear (Tosyl 15 μg/mg) AnteoBind™ NXT 2.5 μg/mg Linear (AnteoBind™ NXT 2.5 μg/mg) 9 Table 7. Average signal obtained for TNF-α dynamic range CLIA at 10 μg/mg for Tosyl-activated magnetic particles and AnteoBind™ NXT Activated Magnetic particles. TNF-α antigen concentration Tosyl 10 μg/mg AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg Average RLU CV% Average RLU CV% 20 000 pg/mL 10921022 17% 9764171 15% 2000 pg/mL 6703215 11% 6699790 8% 200 pg/mL 1153371 21% 1002234 5% 20 pg/mL 199572 131% 79931 5% 2 pg/mL 17903 5% 12334 36% 0.2 pg/mL 11323 6% 5992 24% 0.02 pg/mL 10462 10% 4677 23% 0 pg/mL 13936 19% 5074 11% Figure 9. TNF-α Dynamic Range CLIA – Average RLU trends for the two activation methods Operational Differences Magnetic particle activation with AnteoBind™ NXT offers a faster, more flexible and resource-efficient alternative to conventional Tosyl-activated and epoxy chemistries for magnetic particles bioconjugation. For the antibodies tested, AnteoBind™ NXT enabled up to six-fold reductions in antibody usage and reduced total activation and conjugation time by a factor of 10. Reduced Activation and Bioconjugation Costs Reductions in processing time, antibody consumption and procedural steps contribute to lower labour and reagent costs, supporting more cost-efficient assay development. The streamlined activation and bioconjugation workflow reduces process complexity and supports: Detection of TNF-α Antibody Dynamic Range TNF-α Concentration (pg/mL) Tosyl 10 μg/mg Linear (Tosyl 10 μg/mg) AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg Linear (AnteoBind™ NXT 10 μg/mg) Simpler Workflow AnteoBind™ NXT activation and bioconjugation workflows are performed at room temperature and do not require special environmental conditions. 10 Reduced Activation and Bioconjugation Times AnteoBind™ NXT reduced total activation and conjugation time from approximately 20–22 hours (typical for Tosyl-based conjugation) to 2–3 hours under the tested conditions. Shorter processing times improve throughput and reduce development timelines for immunoassay researchers and product developers. Extended incubation periods, as required in some tosyl-based protocols, may also increase the risk of protein denaturation. Table 8. Comparison of the activation and conjugation operational characteristics between AnteoBind™ NXT and Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. Process Characteristic Tosyl-activation AnteoBind™ NXT activation Total Activation and Coupling Time 20-22 hours 2-3 hours Coupling Temperature 37°C Room temperature Antibody Usage High Low Shipping Requirements Ambient Ambient Product Storage Requirements 2°C to 8°C 2°C to 8°C Key Findings Chemiluminescent immunoassays were performed using multiple antibodies to compare bioconjugation on Tosylactivated magnetic particles with magnetic particles activated using AnteoBind™ NXT. AnteoBind™ NXT preferentially binds the Fc region of the antibodies that allows for the Fab region to be available for binding, this orientation of the antibody enables lower antibody usage and better sensitivity in immunoassays, as was seen in these experiments completed. For the antibodies evaluated, the results indicate: Improved Performance AnteoBind™ NXT demonstrated improved CLIA S/B performance for IL-6, IFN-γ, and up to 1.8x for TNF-α (using RLU) for magnetic particles activated using AnteoBind™ NXT relative to Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. Faster Turnaround, Simpler Workflow and Improved User Experience Unlike Tosyl activation, which may require controlled temperature environments and harsher processing conditions, AnteoBind™ NXT activation can be performed at room temperature. This simplified workflow enhances laboratory usability and contributes to reduced operational cost and faster assay development cycles. Lower Total Cost of Use a) Reduced Antibody Requirements AnteoBind™ NXT required between 1.5 to 6.0x lower IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α antibody quantities to produce magnetic particles that delivered equivalent or improved CLIA performance compared with Tosyl-activated magnetic particles. b) Reduced Activation and Bioconjugation Time AnteoBind™ NXT activation and bioconjugation processes were 10x faster than Tosyl-activated magnetic particle processes. Reduced processing time supports lower labour input, improved assay turnaround and enhanced development efficiency. c)Reduced Material Usage Lower antibody and reagent requirements contribute to reduced material consumption, supporting more cost-efficient and sustainable assay development. 11 For further information regarding AnteoBind™ NXT, including prices and delivery timeframes by volume, please contact: Dr Gautam Rishi AnteoTech Limited Phone: +61 (0) 7 3219 0085 Email: sales@anteotech.com