Novel Pancreatic Cancer Organoids Created
Researchers have created a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid model.
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The treatment of pancreatic cancer, an aggressive form of cancer associated with high mortality rates, is challenging owing to limited options and anticancer screening models. High mortality has been attributed to the unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Researchers from Japan have created a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid model using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology, simulating desirable TME properties. Their research findings have far-reaching consequences in the field of cancer biology.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), that arises from pancreatic epithelial cells, is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, with a very high mortality rate. This elevated mortality is associated with the unique tumor microenvironment (TME), known for increased resistance to chemotherapy and high metastatic potential. TME is characterized by the presence of a complex stromal structure comprising cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor endothelial cells (TECs), and a variety of immune cells.
CAFs are specific cells, primarily involved in the overall aggressiveness and spread of cancer cells. These cells can further be categorized into several types based on their cellular characteristics and roles, such as inflammatory, myo-fibroblastic, and antigen-presenting CAFs. Therefore, the development of a cell culture system for PDAC that mimics the unique TME involving different types of CAFs, is the need of the hour.
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Subscribe for FREEDr. Takeuchi Kenta briefly discusses his motivation behind the research. He says, “To reproduce the complexity of PDAC-TME in cell culture models is challenging. Therefore, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived mesenchymal cells that can differentiate to multiple types of CAFs and established a novel PDAC organoid.”
The research team used patient-derived PDAC cells with hiPSC-derived endothelial and mesenchymal cells to create fused pancreatic cancer organoid (FPCO). This innovative approach yielded two distinct FPCOs, a proliferative FPCO (pFPCO), and a quiescent FPCO (qFPCO), which resemble a typical patient’s PDAC tissue. Notably, qFPCOs exhibited strong chemo-resistance capabilities, whereas pFPCOs could reproliferate after initial drug treatment. Using advanced techniques such as stem cell technology along with analyses like single cell RNA sequencing, and in-vitro cancer assays, the functional properties of the PDAC organoid system were studied and characterized.
Dr. Tanimizu Naoki concludes, “PDAC is a disease that often requires surgical resection and has no other viable treatment options. Also, anti-PDAC drugs have generally failed at different stages of clinical trials. Hence, PDAC organoids with unique TME profiles should be used for anticancer drug screening. Our PDAC model can help future research in cancer biology and in personalized healthcare.”
Reference: Takeuchi K, Tabe S, Takahashi K, et al. Incorporation of human iPSC-derived stromal cells creates a pancreatic cancer organoid with heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Reports. 2023;42(11):113420. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113420
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