We've updated our Privacy Policy to make it clearer how we use your personal data. We use cookies to provide you with a better experience. You can read our Cookie Policy here.

Advertisement

Maturation Process of Natural Killer Cells Mapped

Listen with
Speechify
0:00
Register for free to listen to this article
Thank you. Listen to this article using the player above.

Want to listen to this article for FREE?

Complete the form below to unlock access to ALL audio articles.

Read time: 1 minute

NK cells, or natural killer cells, play an important role in the body’s defences against cancer and various infections. Now, in a joint project, researchers at Lund University in Sweden, the University of Oxford and Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm have mapped how the different steps of the maturation process of these supercells from blood producing stem cells in the bone marrow are regulated: knowledge which is crucial for the development of new immunotherapies against cancer.

Within the immune system, NK cells act as the front line of the body’s defences:  they can recognise and kill cancer cells as well as cells infected by viruses. Because of this important function, many current studies focus on investigating how NK cells could be used as a basis for immunotherapy against cancer. Whereas T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes – two other important players in the immune system that also develop from blood stem cells are well studied, the maturation process of NK cells is less understood.

“In order to fully utilise NK cell properties in cell based therapy, we first need to understand how these supercells are produced. What is a developmental map from a blood stem cell to a fully mature functional cell within the immune system and how it is regulated? We therefore wanted to learn more about how NK cells are generated and what mechanisms control their development and function”, explains Ewa Sitnicka, the Lund University professor who led the study now published in the Journal of Immunology. In her research, she studies how stem cells differentiate and produce different types of lymphocytes.

Signal pathway crucial to function and maturation

Notch proteins are a family of receptors in a highly conserved cell communication system. Notch signalling controls cell development both in animals and humans.

The researchers investigated what happens when the signals generated through activation of Notch proteins are shut down.

They found that Notch signalling is necessary for NK cells to develop and function normally. When the researchers studied the mouse model where the Notch function has been inactivated in the blood cells, they found that the NK cells were reduced in numbers and their function was affected.

“Without Notch signalling, the NK cells did not mature normally and their numbers were reduced. This could be significant for the NK cells’ ability to fight cancer and infections”, explains Ewa Sitnicka.

The new knowledge will help us to better understand how to generate NK cells for their use in immunotherapy.

The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Foundation, the Swedish  Childhood Cancer Foundation and ALF Clinical Research Award.

This article has been republished from materials provided by Lund University. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

Reference:

Chaves, P., Zriwil, A., Wittmann, L., Boukarabila, H., Peitzsch, C., Jacobsen, S. E., & Sitnicka, E. (2018). Loss of Canonical Notch Signaling Affects Multiple Steps in NK Cell Development in Mice. The Journal of Immunology, 201(11), 3307-3319. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701675