Smartphone Addiction: A Myth in the Machine?
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Surveys are often used to understand how people use their smartphone, but these are poorly related to actual smartphone use when measured with an app.
This means that existing evidence suggesting that screen time is “addictive” cannot be used to justify any change of policy.
The UK Parliament’s Science and Technology Committee recently held an inquiry into social media use including the effects of screen time on the health of young people.
But Brittany Davidson from the University of Bath and Dr David Ellis of Lancaster University say official policy should not solely rely on existing studies using self-reports.
Dr Ellis said “Knowing how much someone thinks or worries about their smartphone use leaves many questions unanswered”
The team examined 10 “addiction” surveys for measuring people’s technology use such as the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale, which generate scores that determine use.
They then compared these self-reports with data from Apple Screen Time which provides an objective measurement of:
- How many minutes people used their phones
- How often they picked it up
- How many notifications they received
The researchers discovered weak relationships between how much people think they use their smartphones and how much they actually do.
Brittany Davidson, PhD student in Bath's School of Management added: “Our results suggest that the majority of these self-report smartphone assessments perform poorly when attempting to predict real-world behaviour. We need to revisit and improve these measurements moving forward.”
High smartphone usage has been previously linked to anxiety and depression but Dr Ellis said there is insufficient evidence to support these conclusions.
“Scales that focus on the notion of technology ‘addiction’ performed very poorly and were unable to classify people into different groups (e.g. high versus low use) based on their behaviour.”
Reference: Ellis, D. A., Davidson, B. I., Shaw, H., & Geyer, K. (2019). Do smartphone usage scales predict behavior? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 130, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.004
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