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Traumatic brain injuries from sports, recreational activities, falls or car accidents are the leading cause of death and disability in children and adolescents. While previously it was believed that the window for brain recovery was at most one year after injury, new research from the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas published online June 10 in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neurology shows cognitive performance can be improved to significant degrees months, and even years, after injury, given targeted brain training.

The risk of developing cognitive impairment, especially learning and memory problems, is significantly greater for people with poor cardiovascular health than people with intermediate or ideal cardiovascular health, according to a study in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

Researchers in Jeffrey Friedman’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at The Rockefeller University have devised a way to create snapshots of gene expression in neurons based on their connections. These snapshots contain exhaustive lists of the active genes within neurons that send information to a synapse, the junction between neurons.

Brain scans differentiate adults who have recovered from childhood ADHD and those whose difficulties linger. About 11 percent of school-age children in the United States have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Researchers from Tufts have gained new insight into a protein associated with bipolar disorder. The study, published in the June 3 issue of Science Signaling, reveals that calcium channels in resting neurons activate the breakdown of Sp4, which belongs to a class of proteins called transcription factors that regulate gene expression.

How neurons are created and integrate with each other is one of biology’s greatest riddles. Researcher Dietmar Schmucker from VIB-KU Leuven Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology unravels a part of the mystery in Science magazine.

The question of how neurons and their axons establish spatial polarity and direction in tissues and organs is a fundamental question of any organism or biological system. Our cells and axons precisely orient themselves in response to external cues, but what are the core pathways and how are they integrated?

Using a type of human stem cell, Johns Hopkins researchers say they have created a three-dimensional complement of human retinal tissue in the laboratory, which notably includes functioning photoreceptor cells capable of responding to light, the first step in the process of converting it into visual images.

Babies born 32 to 36 weeks into gestation may have smaller brains and other brain abnormalities that could lead to long-term developmental problems, according to a new study published online in the journal Radiology.

Audiogames may provide the hearing impaired with an improved ability to reconnect to the auditory world The ability to hear soft speech in a noisy environment is difficult for many and nearly impossible for the 48 million in the United States  living with hearing loss.