Encyclopedia of 1,000 Genes Linked to Organ Development

A team of 245 UCLA undergraduates and 31 high school students has published an encyclopedia of more than 1,000 genes, including 421 genes whose functions were previously unknown. The research was conducted in fruit flies, and the genes the researchers describe in the analysis may be associated with the development of the brain, eye, lymph gland and wings.

The fruit fly is often the object of scientific research because its cells have similar DNA to that of human cells -- so knowledge about its genes can help researchers better understand human diseases. The UCLA study should be useful to scientists studying genes involved in sleep, vision, memory and many other processes in humans.

The study's senior authors include researchers Cory Evans and John Olson, who taught UCLA's Biomedical Research 10H, the course in which the studies were conducted.

"I expect this will be a highly cited paper and a valuable resource to life scientists," said Tracy Johnson, director of UCLA's biomedical research minor."It's inspiring to know all of this really important research came from freshmen and sophomores. It's beautiful, high-quality research."

The students studied short DNA sequences to learn how specific genes are turned on and off and understand how those genes control the functions of various cell types. Although all cells have essentially the same collection of genes, specific genes are turned on or off depending on the cells' needs, Evans said.

Each student studied several genes, ultimately producing a total of more than 50,000 microscopic images; the researchers then posted their analysis on an online database where other scientists can study the genes' roles.

"This shows not only which genes are turned on, but the history of which genes have been turned on," Johnson said.

The students completed two other research projects, one of which Evans expects will be published this year. In that study, the undergraduates studied the effects of turning off specific genes in fruit flies using a scientific technique called RNA interference. They then determined which of those 4,000 genes, when turned off, affect the proper development of blood cells.

Reference

Olson et al. (2020) Expression-Based Cell Lineage Analysis in Drosophila Through a Course-Based Research Experience for Early Undergraduates. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400541

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