New study shows LSD's effects on language

The consumption of LSD, short for lysergic acid diethylamide, can produce altered states of consciousness. This can lead to a loss of boundaries between the self and the environment, as might occur in certain psychiatric illnesses.

David Nutt, professor of Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College, leads a team of researchers who study how this psychedelic substance works in the brain. In a new study Dr. Neiloufar Family, post-doc from the University of Kaiserslautern, along Nutt and colleagues from Imperial College London, investigated how LSD can affect speech and language.

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For the study, ten participants were asked to name a sequence of pictures both under placebo and under the effects of LSD, one week apart.

"Results showed that while LSD does not affect reaction times, people under LSD made more mistakes that were similar in meaning to the pictures they saw" indicated Dr. Family, lead author.

For example, when people saw a picture of a car, they would accidentally say 'bus' or 'train' more often under LSD than under placebo. This indicates that LSD seems to effect the mind's semantic networks, or how words and concepts are stored in relation to each other. When LSD makes the network activation stronger, more words from the same family of meanings come to mind.

The results from this experiment work to lead us to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of semantic network activation.

Dr. Family explains further implications: "These findings are relevant for the renewed exploration of psychedelic psychotherapy, which are being developed for depression and other mental illnesses. The effects of LSD on language can result in a cascade of associations that allow quicker access to far away concepts stored in the mind."

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The many potential uses of this class of substances are under scientific debate. "Inducing a hyper-associative state may have implications for the enhancement of creativity," Dr. Family adds. The increase in activation of semantic networks can lead distant or even subconscious thoughts and concepts to come to the surface.

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Technische Universität Kaiserslautern

Publication

Family N et al. Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming.  Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, Published Online August 11 2016. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1217030