Petrochemical Analysis

Y X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel ertilizers lue ouse paint otorcycle helmets nsulation ayaks ubricants ylon rope il filters lastics efrigerants ynthetic rubber pholstery aporizers ires arn aporizers pholstery S T U V W X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel ertilizers lue ouse paint otorcycle helmets nsulation ayaks ubricants ylon rope il filters lastics efrigerants ynthetic rubber pholstery aporizers ires ynthetic rubber efrigerants lastics il filter M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel ertilizers lue ouse paint otorcycle helmets nsulation ayaks ubricants ylon rope otorcycle helmets K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel ertilizers lue ouse paint otorcycle helmets nsulation ayaks ubricants ayaks J H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel ertilizers lue ouse paint otorcycle helmets nsulation ouse paint lue ertilizers D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES OPTIMIZATION IN-USE ANALYSIS WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. SYNTHESIS GAS Propene Toluene Butenes Xylenes Petrochemicals are organic compounds derived from crude oil or natural gas. This is done using cracking and catalytic reformation processes. Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. OLEFINS AROMATICS Based on their chemical structure or composition, petrochemicals can be divided broadly into three groups: olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas. Synthesis gas, or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen Methanol, other industrial chemicals A high sulfur content can poison the catalysts used in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits which build up inside machinery. The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil may indicate that a machine is experiencing physical wear (friction between moving parts) or chemical wear (corrosion). Ethene Benzene Plastics, synthetic rubber Crude oil and natural gas are natural products with varied chemical compositions Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with minimal waste For some petrochemical products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled analyses of their elemental composition while they are in use can help to detect wear and degradation The extraction and processing of raw materials into finished petrochemical products is a complex, multi-step process that can introduce the risk of errors or contamination issues if left unchecked Crude feedstocks often contain traces of unwanted elements, such as sulfur Analysis helps to ensure that the final products of petrochemical processing are contaminantfree, fit-for-purpose, authentic and meet all relevant requirements and regulations The presence of trace elements can cause crude feedstocks to react unpredictably during subsequent processing and refinement steps mmonia alloons lothing yes namel yes lothing alloons A mmonia PETROCHEMICAL analysis From plastics and paints to detergents and drugs, petrochemical products are all around us. The petrochemical refinement process that turns crude oil and gas into this wide array of products is a highly complex, multi-stage operation. To ensure all relevant quality control and safety standards have been met, the purity of petrochemical products and intermediates must be accurately monitored throughout their production. This infographic will explore the need for petrochemical analysis, as well as common analytical techniques that are applied in the sector. WHAT ARE petrochemicals? Petrochemicals are organic Based on their chemical structure compounds derived from crude or composition, petrochemicals oil or natural gas. This is done can be divided broadly into three using cracking and catalytic groups: olefins, aromatics and reformation processes. synthesis gas. SYNTHESIS OLEFINS AROMATICS GAS Ethene Benzene Synthesis gas, Propene Toluene or syn gas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and Butenes Xylenes hydrogen Plastics, synthetic Dyes, detergents, Methanol, rubber synthetic fiber other industrial chemicals Petrochemicals are the building blocks from which many everyday items are made. A B C D E F G F G H I K L M L M N O P Q R S T U V W V W X WHY DO WE NEED petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? Petrochemical analysis plays a role in almost every aspect of the petrochemicals sector – from exploration, production and refining to petrochemical additives, lubricants and catalysts. CRUDE FEEDSTOCKS Crude oil and natural gas are natural CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES products with varied chemical compositions Crude feedstocks The extraction and processing often contain traces of of raw materials into unwanted elements, finished petrochemical such as sulfur products is a complex, multi-step process The presence of that can introduce trace elements the risk of errors can cause crude or contamination feedstocks issues if left to react unchecked unpredictably during Analysis helps subsequent to ensure processing and that the fina refinement steps products of petrochemical processing are A high sulfur content can contaminant poison the catalysts used free, fit-for-purpose, in cracking and contribute to corrosive solid deposits authentic and meet all which build up inside relevant requirements and machinery. regulations OPTIMIZATION IN-USE Processors and refineries may apply petrochemical testing ANALYSIS techniques to ensure that their process parameters are fully optimized and produce high-quality products with For some petrochemical minimal waste products, such as lubricants, regular scheduled The presence of trace metals in lubricating oil analyses of their elemental may indicate that a machine is experiencing composition while they are physical wear (friction between moving parts) in use can help to detect or chemical wear (corrosion). wear and degradation WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN petroAchNeAmLYicSaIlS? Gas chromatography (GC) is applied to many different aspects of petrochemical testing, including the detection of contaminants, GC & LC trace sulfur analysis and detailed hydrocarbon analysis. It is most frequently paired with mass spectrometry, but other detector types are also used for specific applications: • Flame ionization detectors (FID) can be applied to analyze light hydrocarbons • Flame photometric detectors (FPD) are used for organo-sulfur and organophosphorus analysis in fuels • Photo-ionization detectors (PID) can be used to study volatile organic compounds GC may be unsuitable for heavier petrochemicals with higher boiling points, such as resins, as these are more difficult to vaporize as required for analysis. Non-volatile petrochemicals can instead be separated using liquid chromatography (LC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MS Mass spectrometry (MS) uses the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of ions in a sample to identify and quantify various analytes. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (uHRMS) can be used to study the abundance of various compounds present in fuels and petroleum products, as well as their chemical structure. MS is also frequently used in tandem with other techniques, such as GC or LC , to increase sensitivity and improve the ease of interpretation. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP ICP-OES & OES) is used at all stages of the petrochemical process – from oil ICP-MS production to refining and commercialization. It is commonly applied to analyze for trace elements in crude oil following extraction and to detect traces of metal wear in petrochemical based lubricants. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is also utilized by the petrochemical industry for ultra-trace element detection. ICP-MS offers a lower limit of detection compared to ICP-OES, while ICP-OES is better suited to high-throughput analyses. FTIR & NIR Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a fast, flexibl technique commonly used in the petrochemical sector for the rapid analysis of crude oil fractions. FTIR is also one of the methods approved by the independent standards organization ASTM International as a standard technique for assessing in service lubricants. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a related technique also used at petrochemical refineries for the real-time analysis of fuels. In addition to crude oil analysis in the laboratory, nuclear NMR magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a key role in oil and gas exploration where it is used to study the properties of underground reservoirs.