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Differences in how our brains respond when we're anticipating a financial reward are due, in part, to genetic differences, according to research with identical and fraternal twins. The findings suggest that how we experience pleasure and reward is at least partly heritable.

Researchers have identified immune cells that help reduce the severity of a disease in mice akin to multiple sclerosis. These cells could one day be useful therapeutic targets in treating autoimmune diseases.

Soil enzymes may act as early indicators of improvements in soil health. This is an important measure for food producers who must nurture microbes and insects who produce materials that can improve soil structure and water retention.

For 8-million adults who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder in any given year, medication and cognitive therapy have been the treatment protocol. Now, researchers report that a closed-loop brain stimulator, based on sweat response, is a feasible alternative.

A study in 18 European countries suggests that current WHO air quality guidelines for NO2 do not provide sufficient protection for children.

A new study by Western University demonstrates that the fear predators inspire can leave long-lasting traces in the neural circuitry of wild animals and induce enduringly fearful behaviour, comparable to effects seen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research.

Scientists at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) have identified a group of proteins that help to regenerate damaged nerve cells. Their findings are reported in the journal Neuron.

Researchers have developed a way to use immunotherapy drugs against treatment-resistant non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas for the first time by combining them with stem cell transplantation, an approach that also dramatically increased the success of the drugs in melanoma and lung cancer.

A quirk of the body clock that lures some people to sleep at 8 p.m., enabling them to greet the new day as early as 4 a.m., may be significantly more common than previously believed.

A calcium-based conservation treatment inspired by nature that overcomes many drawbacks of currently used methods, could help prevent damage to stone buildings and sculptures from pollution.