Excessive Hygiene Promotes Antibiotic Resistance

The number of people who die from antibiotic-resistant germs is increasing worldwide. The World Health Organization WHO considers the spread of antibiotic resistance and appropriate countermeasures as one of the most important global challenges nowadays. Against this background Gabriele Berg, who heads the Institute of Environmental Biotechnology at TU Graz, has initiated an interdisciplinary cooperation project called Plant-associated microbial communities in indoor environment which is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). The research group investigated microbial control – the degree of cleaning and hygiene measures – and how it influences the development of resistances. Research was carried out together with national partners of the Medical University of Graz in the framework of the BioTechMed-Graz inter-university cooperation and international partners. The results of the research have just been published now in Nature Communications.

A comparison of environments varying in their degree of microbial control

The researchers compared the microbiome and the resistome - i.e. all existing microorganisms and antibiotic resistances - at the intensive care unit of the Department of Internal Medicine at University Hospital Graz with clean rooms operated by the aerospace industry and public and private buildings. The analyses show that microbial diversity decreases in areas with high levels of hygiene but that the diversity of resistances increases. ‘Built environments with strong microbial control like the intensive care unit and industrially used clean rooms show high proportions of antibiotic resistances which have the potential to get transferred into pathogens,’ explains Dr Alexander Mahnert, director of studies at the Institute of Environmental Biotechnology of TU Graz, who is currently conducting research at the Medical University of Graz.

Results provide new approaches to prevent resistances

The results indicate that a stable microbial diversity in clinical areas counteracts the spread of resistances. ‘The microbial control of pathogens is already established in cultivated plants and also in humans in the framework of stool transplantation. Our study provides an initial foundation to pursue such ideas in indoor areas in the future,’ says Berg. Regular airing, houseplants, the deliberate use of beneficial microorganisms and the reduction of antimicrobial cleaning agents could be the first strategies in maintaining or improving microbial diversity.  

In a subsequent step, the research team at TU Graz would like to develop and implement biotechnological solutions for a tailor-made microbial diversity.

This article has been republished from materials provided by Graz University of Technology. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

Reference
Man-made microbial resistances in built environments. Alexander Mahnert, Christine Moissl-Eichinger, Markus Zojer, David Bogumil, Itzhak Mizrahi, Thomas Rattei, José Luis Martinez & Gabriele Berg. Nature Communicationsvolume 10, Article number: 968 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08864-0.