Advanced Targeting with Chimeric Antigen Receptors

To understand how vaccines work, it helps to look first at how the immune system works. This short animation explains how vaccines enable the body to make the right sort of antibodies to fight a particular disease.

Watch how the jiggling motion of bacterial DNA stops when a natural antimicrobial peptide permeates the E. coli membrane. This novel mechanism helps explain why bacteria develop resistance very slowly and may inform the design of new antimicrobial agents.

To reproduce, bacteriophage infect bacterial cells and hijack their cellular machinery before killing their host as shown in this animation.